Constant-volume heat capacity in a near-critical fluid from Monte Carlo simulations.

We consider a near-critical fluid of hard spheres with short-range interactions (approximately r(-6)) and obtain its constant-volume heat capacity C(V) by means of Monte Carlo calculations in the canonical ensemble. The question addressed is whether or not the heat capacities of the finite-size systems studied in simulations can provide a reliable indication of nonclassical criticality. For the model fluid considered here this is found to be the case. The heat capacity along the critical isochore shows a peak near the critical temperature, with a system size dependence that is consistent with the known Ising universality class of the model. The relevance of our results to recent attempts to determine the universality class of ionic fluids through calculations of C(V) is briefly discussed.